Wednesday, May 1, 2013

Vietnam Memorial



Maya Lin
             Maya Lin is a Yale graduate. Her design chosen when she was a student at Yale. She beat 1,441 other people in the design competition for the memorial. Her design is in a "V" shape with the end points lining up with the Lincoln Memorial and the Monument. The memorial has more than 58,260 names of soldiers who never came home from the Vietnam war. The names are in chronological order of when the soldier died or were declared missing. The soldiers who were declared missing have a cross next to their name rather than a diamond like all of the other names of those who died.

            "I remember one of the veterans asking me before the memorial was built what I thought people's reaction would be to it. I was too afraid to tell him what I was thinking, that I knew a returning veteran would cry." - Maya Lin. In Lin's design it was a intended that you see yourself while looking at the thousands of names chisled into the black granite wall. The black is to represent the death of all the soldiers and the grief from their deaths. Your reflection is shown so that you can bond with the peoples names on the wall and their spirits.
        

Vertex of the memorial, People are reflected in the granite
          In a video I watched, a volunteer at the memorial described the design to go up hill from the vertex and the wall gets higher from the vertex. "It is as if you are in an open grave, nobodys remains are here, but their spirit and their honor is here because thats the way it was chosen to be done." says the volunteer at the memorial. This shows how Maya Lin wanted to make the memorial mournful but also honoring. The volunteer says that Maya Lin said it was a "Park within a Park." They wanted it to be simple and blend in with the landscape, so it doesnt boast like most memorials so that the honor of the soldiers is appreciated more than the memorial itself.



           There were many reasons that authorized the composition of the memorial. The design was intended to be intent and thoughtful in scenery. The composition of the memorial is supposed to arrange in a way of harmony with its essential surroundings, the Lincoln memorial and the monument being a couple of those surrounding. The missing and dead men and women should have their names in the wall as a part of the design. Also, the composition should have nothing to do with politics about the Vietnam War.

A night view of the memorial looking at the Monument.

          Although there were politics about Maya Lin and her design. She claims that her design would not have been chosen if they knew about her chinese ethinicity. She had to overcome racial discrimination because she was being seen as a communist. She had to defend her and her design in front of the United States Congress, the design came close to not being built at all, but she made a deal to add the bronze statue of the three soldiers. This controversy will never be spoken at the memorial, nor will any politics of the war, the memorial is strictly for remembering and honoring men and women from the Vietnam war. Everyday, items are left for honoring soldiers, the items are taken up by the Park rangers and kept.

Items left at the memorial in honor of those who died and are still missing.
Soldiers at the vietnam memorial


Sources:

Thursday, February 14, 2013

War World I Home Front

Bombing of the Coventry Cathedral

     In World War I, European Powers had already been fighting for three years by the time that America entered the war. America was expected to help their war-torn allies. Britain being one of Americas allies, needed help. They constantly under attack and sometimes bombed. Everyone had their way of contributing if they were over in Europe. They also had their way of helping in America.
     During the war, people acted on their own initiative to help the war effort. This is what makes a home front a home front. Many people contributed by simply wearing their uniforms. The people who made the uniforms were also contributing to the war effort. Therefore factory workers who made uniforms, guns, ammunition, and more were just as helpful to those in the military. War bonds were created to finance the war since taxes were not enough, everyone was encouraged to buy a war bond. From the BBC website about War World I, it is described as "truly a peoples war."
Recipes to make deserts without sugar
     Since European countries had already been at war, their countries were torn apart. Especially their farm-lands. The U.S. was expected to feed Britain and help them regain their loss of food. The Congress established the U.S. Food Administration. Herbert Hoover was appointed by President Wilson to be the head of the Food Administration. Hoover increased food shipments, which he eventually gets blamed for the cause of great depression. The food administration was seen as positive propaganda to help the war effort. It was sometimes difficult to ship food to Europe because a major part of WWI was that each side blockaded each other, and they made sure the enemies supplies could not be reached to them. On the home front, people acquired new recipes to save food. The food recipes would be sweets without sugar, without wheat, and potato possibilities. Programs such as "Meatless Monday" and "Wheat less Wednesday" became apart of the American everyday life. From reliable sources, I found letters to the government from the people of Mississippi. Some of these people were happy to be supporting the war with this new administration. Others were concerned and thought that the government had no right to go to peoples houses and make them authorize to the U.S. food administration. The major saying of the time was that "food will win the war."
American Women operate telephones in France
     It is also to be said that women on the home front had new job opportunities. Many women would exchange their pre-war jobs to jobs that supported the war. This was also because the home front was became a social reform. Women were able to serve in the Army, Navy, Nurse Corps, Navy Yeomen, Marines, and Coast Guard. This was a huge step for women in this time. Women also became overseas operators and drivers. Women didn't have to take this big jobs though, they could stay on the home front and volunteer and help out any way they could with the war effort.

American Women get sworn into the Navy Yeomen

     The home front was a source that provided money to soldiers and to arm them. That is another way how anyone and everyone was involved in the war effort. Some groups of people, including pacifists and socialists shared belief that the war was not necessary and not the right thing to do. Some of these people were arrested and sometimes possibly punished in a rude way. Near the end of the war, there was a crisis of a food and supply shortage in America. This is partly why Hoover is blamed for the initial cause of the Great Depression. There was also a worldwide spread of the "Spanish flu" which led to the influenza pandemic. This wave of disease caused a death of 20-100 million people.


AVL: Book Chapter from "Reader's Companion to Military History" 1996, p.210 by J.M. Winter

AVL: Book Chapter 9 from "Everyday Life: War World I" 2006, p.66

BBC - History, The Home Front in World War I by Peter Craddick-Adams

National Archives at New York City, Food Will Win the War: On the Home Front in World War I, Primary Source

National Archives at Atlanta, The Mississippi Home Front in World War I, Conserving Food for the War effort

National Women's History Museum, War World I







Monday, January 14, 2013

Researching in Class


In class today, I did research for my history project. We are making postcards as if we were in the US navy on the "Great White Fleet." So far, i have found 4 postcards that i want to use, out of the 6 that I need. I have information for three of those cards. Today i researched information on the USS Kansas battleship. I found a good website on the US Navy's History page. It included all the dates and place that the battleship arrived and departured at